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Source Image: PR205_08_23 of Column of Trajan

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Description

Soldiers listening to address.

Monument
Column of Trajan 
Monument Type
Architecture 
Material(s)
Luna Marble (Archaeometric identification)  
Date
circa ad 113 
Keywords
Roman SoldierTreeSpiral BorderMilitary Standard  
Collections
Column of Trajan, Rome  

Location

Current Location
Rome 

Evidence for working practices

1. Toolmarks

Process
Detailing
Tool
Drill
Method
Angle: Vertical (90°)
Force: Gentle
Description
The drill is used to start the deeper areas of carving at the standards and in the foliage.

2. Toolmarks

Process
Outlining
Tool
Channelling Tool
Method
Angle: Shallow (40-50°)
Force: Gentle
Description
The channelling tool is used to distinguish the figures from the background.

3. - Toolmarks

Process
Fine shaping
Tool
Flat Chisel
Method
Angle: Shallow (40-50°)
Force: Gentle
Description
Marks from the flat chisel are visible on the background and the tool was not used for a background effect but the carver also did not feel the need to further finish the surface.

3. - Toolmarks

Process
Detailing
Tool
Drill
Method
Angle: Vertical (90°)
Force: Gentle
Description
Detail has been added in the hair and features of some of the soldiers with a drill.

Notes

The military standards cross into the spiral border here, suggesting that the carving was rather free-form.

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